The amygdala modulates prefrontal cortex activity relative to conditioned fear
Article Abstract:
It has been possible to identify direct evidence for the control by the basolateral amygdala of learned auditory fear-induced changes in neuronal activity in the medial prefrontal cortex. This research involved implanting mice with two recording electrodes in the dorsal part of the medial prefrontal cortex. The conditioned stimuli used were conditioned fear excitation and conditioned fear inhibition. The amygdala may exert its influence through activation of the mesocortical dopaminergic system, and may also exert its influence through other extracortical pathways and systems or directly through intracortical networks.
Publication Name: Nature
Subject: Zoology and wildlife conservation
ISSN: 0028-0836
Year: 1999
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Resetting of the circadian clock by a conditioned stimulus
Article Abstract:
Conditioned stimuli (CS) stimulate phase-sensitive cellular alterations in the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) and alter the circadian rhythms initiated by light. Coupling of CS and unconditioned stimulus are necessary for the inducing phase shifts by CS. Exposure of rats to 20-min neutral stimulus of gentle air perturbance and 15-min light pulse indicate that non-photic stimulus induce Fos expression in SCN. The non-photic stimulus coupled with light in pavlovian conditioning trials initiate cellular and behavioural effects.
Publication Name: Nature
Subject: Zoology and wildlife conservation
ISSN: 0028-0836
Year: 1996
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Dose-response relationships for resetting of human circadian clock by light
Article Abstract:
Light of low intensity substantially phase-shifts the human circadian pacemaker, indicating that humans are similar to other mammals in regards to the mechanism of circadian entrainment. The mathematical model of Kranauer reveals a linear relationship between the strength of drive in the pacemaker and the phase shift attained by light stimulus. Light with an intensity ranging from 100-500 flux decreases the nocturnal release of melatonin.
Publication Name: Nature
Subject: Zoology and wildlife conservation
ISSN: 0028-0836
Year: 1996
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