A developmental transition in definitive erythropoiesis: erythropoietin expression is sequentially regulated by retinoic acid receptors and HNF4

Article Abstract:

A developmental transition in definitive erythropoiesis has been studied with the finding that erythropoietin (Epo) expression is regulated sequentially by HNF4 and retinoic acid receptors. The Epo gene enhancer contains a DR2 sequence that represents a retinoic acid receptor-binding site and a retinoic acid receptor transcriptional response element. The transition may switch regulation of Epo expression from retinoic acid control to hypoxic control. The Epo gene is shown to be retinoic acid inducible in embryos.

Physiological aspects, Genetic aspects, Liver, Cardiovascular system, Circulatory system, Genetic regulation, Erythrocytes, Red blood cells, Tretinoin, Developmental cytology, Erythropoiesis

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Functional inactivation of the IGF-I and insulin receptors in skeletal muscle causes type 2 diabetes

Article Abstract:

Functional inactivation of the IGF-I and insulin receptors (IGF-IR and IR) in striated muscle has been found to cause type 2 diabetes. A transgenic mouse with a dominant-negative insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor specifically targeted to the striated muscle was developed for study. The mice, MKR mice, were excellent as a model for this type of study. They showed striking loss of function of the IR and the IGF-IR

Usage, Type 2 diabetes, Striated muscle, Genetically modified mice, Insulin, Animal models in research, Animal research models, Insulin receptors

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