Hrs, a FYVE finger protein localized to early endosomes, is implicated in vesicular traffic and required for ventral folding morphogenesis

Article Abstract:

An amino-terminal double zinc finger (FYVE finger) protein called Hrs is implicated in vesicular traffic and required for ventral folding morphogenesis. Hrs is localized to early endosomes and is homologous to Vps27p, a yeast protein necessary for vesicular trafficking. Hrs has a FYVE double zinc finger domain. Mice carrying a null mutation of Hrs was generated in an effort to find out about its physiological role. Hrs homzygous mutant embryos developed with their ventral region outside the yolk sac and had two independent bilateral heart tubes, that is, cardia bifida. It had no foregut and died around its 11th embryonic day. The defects are the result of a defect in ventral folding morphogenesis that occurs normally at about the 8th embryonic day. The vesicular localization of Hrs was disrupted in cells treated with wortmannin. Hrs is thus implicated in the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase membrane trafficking pathway.

Usage, Genetic aspects, Developmental biology, Mice, mutant strains, Mutant mice

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Retention of PDGFR-beta function in mice in the absence of phosphatidylinositol 3'-kinase and phospholipase Cgamma signaling pathways

Article Abstract:

Results reveal that neither loss of phosphatidylinositol 3'-kinase nor phospholipase Cgamma activation does not wholly inactivates the beta receptor but renders it to function suboptimally. Data suggest that certain signal cascades regulated by the platelet-derived growth-factor receptor beta are not essential for mice survival.

Physiological aspects, Enzymes, Protein kinases, Cell receptors, Phospholipases, Enzyme regulation, Platelet-derived growth factor

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E-MAP-115, encoding a microtubule-associated protein, is a retinoic acid-inducible gene required for spermatogenesis

Article Abstract:

Research has been conducted on the cell type-specific microtubules. The identification of the gene that encodes epithelial microtubule-associated protein of 115 kD has been carried out.

Statistical Data Included, Analysis, Proteins, Epithelial cells, Tubulins, Tubulin, Heredity, Spermatogenesis, Tretinoin

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