Neural patterning: the role of Nkx genes in the ventral spinal cord

Article Abstract:

The role of Nkx genes, transcription factors, in the ventral spinal cord as it relates to neural patterning is discussed in this perspective article. Three central questions can be seen from the general model. One deals with how the Sonic hedgehog (Shh) concentration gradient is generated, another with how the gradient is translated into distinct transcriptional responses, and the third with what the transcriptional regulators that lock in a particular neuronal or glial fate are. Evidence indicates cell type diversity in the dorsal and ventral central nervous system depends on the starting action of qualitatively distinct signals that act in a concentration-dependent way to set up autonomous subdomains of homeodomain protein activity along the D-V axis of the neural tube.

Physiological aspects, Neurons, Neuroglia, Glia, Neural tube, Genetic translation, Translation (Genetics), Spinal cord

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Indian hedgehog signaling regulates proliferation and differentiation of chondrocytes and is essential for bone formation

Article Abstract:

Differentiation and proliferation of chondrocytes regulated by Indian hedgehog (Ihh) signaling, which is necessary for bone formation, is discussed. Analysis has been carried out in an Ihh null mutant, and a role for an Ihh/PTHrP feedback mechanism in control of chondrocyte maturation is indicated. Ihh signaling seems to be pivotal in coordinating several cellular processes essential for vertebrate skeleton morphogenesis.

Bones, Growth, Vertebrates, Cell differentiation, Drosophila, Cell proliferation, Skeleton, Bone development, Cartilage cells

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T (Brachyury) is a direct target of Wnt3a during paraxial mesoderm specification

Article Abstract:

Results show that the transcriptional factor T (Brachyury) is involved in the Wnt signaling pathway and it modulates a balance between mesodermal and neural cell during gastrulation of mouse embryo.

Japan, Analysis, Development and progression, Genetic transcription, Transcription (Genetics), Embryology, Animal embryology, Mesoderm, Gastrulation

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