Molecular machines integrate coincident synaptic signals

Article Abstract:

Protein kinases, phosphatases, GTPases, ligand- and voltage-gated ion channels and cell surface receptors are different families of proteins that comprise the protein signaling machinery which regulates every synaptic event. They function by integrating convergent signaling pathways in response to two or more coincident signals and then generating an output signal. Four examples illustrating diverse mechanisms for detecting coincident functions as well as different effects of coincident signals on function are presented. Implications of these molecular machines in understanding neural function, reflexes and behavior are discussed.

Neural receptors, Synapses, Classical conditioning, Conditioning (Psychology)

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Function of protein kinase A in hedgehog signal transduction and Drosophila imaginal disc development

Article Abstract:

A study of the role of protein kinase A (PKA) in hedgehog (hh) signal transduction and Drosophila imaginal disc development reveals that PKA limits the expression of wingless, decapentaplegic and patched (ptc) to the anterior cells that are proximal to the antero-posterior boundary of wing and leg imaginal discs. Suppression of PKA in anterior cells that are proximal to the posterior compartment replaces hh activity in enhancing imaginal disc growth. hh-induced transcription of ptc in the anterior cells is opposed by the overexpression of PKA.

Genetic aspects, Drosophila

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Structural elements of G-alpha subunits that interact with G-beta-gamma, receptors, and effectors

Article Abstract:

A review of studies to understand receptor-G protein and G-protein-effector signaling is presented. G-protein-coupled receptors receive extracellular stimuli and generate one or more intracellular second messengers during the process of cellular signal transduction. The review emphasizes studies which try to determine the structural features of G protein alpha subunits involved in interactions with receptors and effectors.

Composition, Structure-activity relationships (Biochemistry)

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