Overcoming a nucleosomal barrier to transcription

Article Abstract:

The rate of RNA polymerase transcription through a nucleosome core is not constant. RNA polymerase rapidly transcribes the first 25 bp of nucleosomal DNA. After this, movement of polymerases is highly restricted. The polymerases appear to have difficulty transcribing the DNA in a loop of octamer that forms during the transcription. Rapid transcription resumes when the RNA polymerase passes the barrier and enters the dyad region of the nucleosome.

Physiological aspects, Genetic transcription, Transcription (Genetics), RNA polymerases

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Chromatin unfolds

Article Abstract:

The histone-like regions of two of the TFIID-associated TAF proteins were observed to form a heterotetramer that is very similar to the histone H3/H4 tetramer. Four molecules of an additional TAF that shares certain H2B characteristics may join the tetramer to form a complex similar to a histone octamer as part of TFIID. The TAFs could induce a partial bend in DNA. Results show that the transcription apparatus is designed to deal with chromatin.

Chromatin

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The protein CTCF is required for the enhancer blocking activity of vertebrate insulators

Article Abstract:

A 42 bp fragment of the chicken beta-globin insulator has been found to be necessary and sufficient for enhancer blocking activity in human cells. The sequence has been identified as the binding site for CTCF, an 11-zinc finger DNA-binding protein highly conserved in vertebrates. These findings suggest that directional enhancer blocking by CTCF is a conserved functional component of gene regulation in vertebrates.

Genetic aspects, Carrier proteins, Transport proteins, Vertebrates, Genetic regulation, Binding sites (Biochemistry), Active sites (Biochemistry)

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