The genomic record of humankind's evolutionary roots

Article Abstract:

Classification of humans and other animals will be reconsidered when the human genome is completely sequenced, sometime in the next few years. Conserved elements common to primates and other eutherians and the elements that came later in evolution will be highlighted. Some of the very striking human features, among them the very enlarged brain and the prolonged childhood period in a socially nurturing society, have roots that go far back into evolutionary history. Neocortical parts of the brain increased in two emerging branches of anthropoid primates 30-40 mil years ago. In the catarrhine branch more marked enlargements came in the lineage that led to ancestors of modern hominids. In the most recent 3 mil years the largest neocortical increases came. Chimpanzees, bonobos and gorillas likely will not prove to be evolutionarily closer to orangutans than to humans. Chimpanzees and bonobos likely will be in the genus Homo.

United States, Study and teaching, Evolution (Biology), Chromosome mapping, Evolution, Phylogeny, Primates, Apes, Man

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European Y-chromosomal lineages in Polynesians: a contrast to the population structure revealed by mtDNA

Article Abstract:

European Y-chromosomal lineages in Polynesians are discussed as they relate to study of Y-chromosomal polymorphisms to trace paternal lineages. Major European male admixture with indigenous Polynesian populations was seen in a picture unlike that from mtDNA study, so major advantages were seen in combining T-chromosomal study with data from mtDNA using the same samples, because analysis of autosomal loci will always gives an average of maternal and paternal contributions, but differences between male and female input may be great.

United Kingdom, Europe, Oceania, Statistical Data Included, Research, Planning, History, Statistics, Gene mutations, Gene mutation, Demographic aspects, Emigration and immigration, Archaeology, Prehistoric peoples, Mitochondrial DNA, Anthropology, Caucasian race, Whites, Population genetics, Linguistics, Asians, Ethnicity, Experimental design, Research design, Females, Ethnology, Europeans, Papua New Guinea, Males, Y chromosome, Polynesians, Cultural anthropology, Melanesia

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