Effects of ethnic group cultural differences on cooperative and competitive behavior on a group task

Article Abstract:

This study examined the hypothesis that differences in the cultural norms of Anglo-Americans and three other ethnic groups - Asian, Hispanic, and Black Americans - will result in different behaviors on a group task. Student subjects were assigned to ethnically diverse or all-Anglo groups. Individual and group responses were measured using a Prisoner's Dilemma task in which participants could choose to compete or cooperate with another party. We hypothesized that groups composed of people from collectivist cultural traditions would display more cooperative behavior than groups composed of people from individualistic cultural traditions. Results confirmed this hypothesis. Implications for future research and for organizations seeking to manage diversity are discussed. (Reprinted by permission of the publisher.)

Influence, Demographic aspects, Decision-making, Group, Group decision making, Competition (Psychology), Ethnopsychology, Cross-cultural psychology

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Effects of family responsibilities, gender, and career identity salience on performance outcomes

Article Abstract:

Predictions based on the human capital, gender discrimination, and social identity theories were tested. Individuals with salient career identities were willing to expend extra effort at work and received higher merit increases than people with salient family identities. When we controlled identity salience, neither extensive family responsibilities nor female gender adversely affected merit increases. Family-oriented women with preschoolers received higher merit increases than family-oriented men with preschoolers, but career-oriented men with preschoolers received higher merit increases than career-oriented women with preschoolers. (Reprinted by permission of the publisher.)

Working mothers, Labor productivity, Work and family

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Studies of individualism-collectivism: effects on cooperation in groups

Article Abstract:

Data from 492 college students indicated that group size and individuals' identifiability, sense of shared responsibility, and levels of individualism or collectivism influenced peer-rated cooperation in classroom groups. Levels of individualism or collectivism moderated the effects of size and idenfiability on cooperation bu not those of shared responsibility. These findings suggest that models of free riding and social loafing provide insights into individualistic cooperation in groups but are limited in their ability to explain the cooperation of collectivists. (Reprinted by permission of the publisher.)

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