The economic effects of intellectual property right infringements

Article Abstract:

International Trade Commission data collected from 244 US firms was used to study the economic effects of foreign infringement of US intellectual property rights in five sectors of industry. Research results reveal that profit losses of US suppliers is large compared to total profits, that the losses are greater than the profits earned by suppliers who are infringing on rights, but that the losses may be less than the static benefits to infringers and consumers. Research results also suggest that reducing profits lost to infringers by one percent would require significant increases in identification and enforcement costs.

Corporations, Intellectual property, Right of property, Property rights, Copyright infringement

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'Sales-at-risk': a test of the mutual forbearance theory of conglomerate behavior

Article Abstract:

The mutual forbearance theory of conglomerate behavior is tested at both the company and industry level. The mutual forbearance theory states that companies which meet rivals in more than one market will be able to act collusively in one or all of the markets. Evidence drawn from Federal Trade Commission data supports this theory at the company level. A measure of the importance of multi-market contacts, known as sales-at-risk, is shown to increase price-cost margins in the range of concentration where collusion is difficult to achieve without mutual forbearance. The results at the industry level are weaker.

Management science, Conglomerate corporations, Price fixing

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The response of domestic prices to expected exchange rates

Article Abstract:

The influence of exchange rate fluctuations on domestic prices is studied by examining the response of producer prices to actual changes, as well as to anticipated changes in US dollar rates. Actual and anticipated real exchange rate fluctuations are observed to have opposite effects on industry level price behavior. As a rule, actual dollar appreciation results in lower domestic producer prices, while anticipated future dollar appreciation results in higher producer prices.

Economic aspects, Prices and rates, Foreign exchange, Foreign exchange rates, Prices

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