Cash flow is the key

Article Abstract:

Cash flow into pension funds, insurance companies and banks continue even after 1992 Tokyo stock crash, which has hurt mainly corporate prices and stock and land prices. As domestic stocks are performing poorly, Japan's financial institutions are expected to invest more in overseas securities. In 1991, they liquidated a net of US$2 billion in foreign equities, and are expected to follow this trend in 1992. On the other hand, they are increasing their holdings in foreign bonds, which made up 80% of total Japanese foreign security investments of US$492 billion in 1991.

Foreign investments, Forecasts and trends, Bonds, Bonds (Securities)

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Off the map

Article Abstract:

Tokyo is one of the principal financial centers of the world, but it is at a disadvantage because of excessive government regulations and high operating costs. These disadvantages limit the internationalization of the city's financial services sector. Foreign financial firms struggle with the bureaucratic requirements of the Ministry of Finance, while Japanese citizens face restrictions in investing funds overseas. Foreign financial firms, however, maintain operations in Tokyo in order to tap the huge Japanese investment market.

Japan, Investments, Foreign banks

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Privatised parts

Article Abstract:

Privatized state enterprises in Asia accounted for only 2% of the world total in the 1980s when privatization became widespread among nations. This fact shows the refusal of Asian governments to allow state-owned enterprises to grow too large, their success in avoiding the socialist-capitalist divide which has troubled mixed economies and their pragmatism about privatization. However, the World Bank currently blames public ownership for mishandling of businesses and thus encourages privatization.

Asia, Privatization, Privatization (Business)

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