Managing Import Operation Effectively: Some Basic Advice for Those New to the Job

Article Abstract:

Efficient organization is essential to the success of import operations. Materials management methodology is very important to successful importing. Co-ordination, specification of materials, cost-quantity ratio, purchase terms, freight and packing, supply sources, ordering, order progresson, pre-shipment inspection, clearing and forwarding are essential elements to consider in material management. These are analyzed in detail. Import managers must check the external state of the cargo for damage as quickly as possible. Failure to so so often results in unnecessary financial losses. The issues of storage, inventory control, stock security, and distribution are also addressed. This analysis applies to both private and public institutions.

International trade, International aspects, Materials management, Inventories

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A model of demand with interactions among consumers

Article Abstract:

A pattern analysis of consumer demand brought about by social interactions between consumers was based on a model of three consumer groups. Simulations of consumer behavior are found to be consistent with practice and the three groups are differentiated by the amount of interaction they practice. The study reveals that the intensity of the contrast and aspiration effects determines the extent to which consumption is limited to a small group of consumers. The research also examines other applications of the model in several other consumption settings.

Consumer Behavior, Research, Consumption (Economics)

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The role of loyalty discounts when consumers are uncertain of the value of repeat purchases

Article Abstract:

Regular customers expect better treatment in the form of more quality goods, improved services, and discounts on succeeding purchases from market suppliers. Firms set discounts as consumers who make initial purchases are uncertain whether the same value will hold for aparticular good in future purchases. Trading terms between both must assume that the good is homogeneous, that different firms have various prices, that consumers lack information and that search entails cost in order that discounts will remain an optimal strategy for suppliers.

Rebates, Trade discounts

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