New lines of communication
Article Abstract:
The European telecommunications industry is hampered by the lack of Europe-wide standards, but there has been progress for establishing European Community-wide standards in anticipation of the single European market of 1992. In the area of mobile communications, members of the European Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI), which represents most Western European countries, have agreed to harmonize their national standards by 1992 to ensure compatibility. The introduction of the Group Special Mobile, a memorandum of understanding amongst European telephone companies and telcom manufacturers, will eliminate national barriers and enhance the utility of portable phones. ETSI has drawn up technical standards to standardize Integrated Service Digital Networks. In addition, progress is being made in affecting a pan-European paging system based on UK-standards. While local area networks are tailored to the needs of individual firms, the ability to affect cross-border connections will depend on the rationalization of the public switching networks.
Publication Name: International Management
Subject: Business, international
ISSN: 0020-7888
Year: 1990
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PR's bull market
Article Abstract:
European corporations traditionally rely on their in-house communications departments to fill their public relations (PR) needs. However, many European corporations are increasingly considering outside PR expertise as the the single European market of 1992 approaches. Outside PR expertise is seen as necessary to overcome cultural and linguistic barriers between the markets the companies will seek to exploit in 1992. In addition, the wave of mergers and acquisitions has led many companies to trim costs, leading to a reduction in the size of many firms' corporate communications departments. The largest independent PR firm in the world is Shandwick PLC, which has an annual income of $180 million and stands to benefit the most from the increasing use of independent PR agencies by European firms.
Publication Name: International Management
Subject: Business, international
ISSN: 0020-7888
Year: 1990
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Pirates in the dock
Article Abstract:
The Business Software Alliance, an alliance of computer software manufacturers, estimates that its members lost $6 billion to computer software piracy in Europe in 1990. There are two types of piracy: users' copying their own computer software programs, and large-scale operations that bootleg and sell large quantities of computer software programs. The European Council is expected to adopt a European Commission directive on computer software piracy, Legal Protection of Computer Programs, in July 1991, that will create one standard on piracy for the entire European Community (EC). The directive will remove differences in software copyright protection among EC countries and allow users to make one back-up copy of their computer software programs.
Publication Name: International Management
Subject: Business, international
ISSN: 0020-7888
Year: 1991
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