Take it from the top

Article Abstract:

Values are instilled in people during the socialization process, which is largely over by the end of adolescence. The behavioral scientist Harold Leavitt defines values in the context of management as guidelines that dictate appropriate behavior, which are really not values at all. Values cannot be instilled in employees because it is too late, the socialization process being over by the time most employees are hired. Management can instill in employees a predilection for desired behavior by being committed to their own personal values, hiring people with similar personal values, and recognizing employees for good behavior through selective rewards.

Research, Supervision of employees, Employee supervision, Leavitt, Harold

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Organizes confusion

Article Abstract:

There is a diversity of opinion on the subject of organizational structure and the efficacy of organizational design. The current consensus is that small organizations put a firm in closer contact with customers and are best for maximizing staff, while large structures are best for the management of capital, providing incentives to employees, consolidating experience, and maximizing assets. Multinational corporations are trying to mix centralization and decentralization, and smaller firms are experimenting with combinations in which they can retain their independence while converging with other businesses through alliance to tackle larger goals.

Analysis, Organizational effectiveness

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