State aids in the EC: who spends what

Article Abstract:

The European Community Commission's Competition Directorate has studied state subsidies to industry, which totaled an average of 100 billion European currency units (ECUs) between 1981 and 1986. The study found that four countries, France, Italy, the UK, and West Germany, contribute about 75% of the four-fifths which came from national governments to their indigenous industries in subsidies, mostly to manufacturing, and that the companies are receiving more in aid than they pay in taxes. The study indicates that state aids to industry can be used for protectionism and, by promoting artificial barriers to competition, pose a threat to the integrity of the single European market.

Economic aspects, Economic policy, European Union. European Commission, Single European market, Subsidies, European Community

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Europe's business knights regroup

Article Abstract:

The Roundtable of European Industrialists is a lobbying group composed of 29 executives from European multinational companies. The organization has traditionally preferred to exercise influence in a low-key and national-based manner. The group met in Brussels in Jun 1987 and agreed to take a more visible role in bringing about changes in the European Community. The Roundtable feels that the European Commission is not moving quickly enough to ensure that European economic markets will be deregulated by a 1992 target date. Group members also feel that without prodding, the goal of one market in Europe may never be realized, which will foster US and Japanese domination in Europe.

Laws, regulations and rules, Political activity, European Union, Industry regulations, Government regulation of business, Trade regulation, Roundtable of European Industrialists

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Global marketing is a minefield

Article Abstract:

Many multinational marketing efforts fail because organizations do not develop the necessary management foundations to implement organizational change, according to research by Kamran Kashani, marketing professor at the International Management Development Institute. Globalization requires changes in business philosophy, including involving everyone in developing marketing plans, and focusing on similarities instead of differences in markets. Other factors involved in successful globalization include: involving subsidiary bosses in decision making processes; testing marketing ideas locally; and encouraging flexibility.

Research, Analysis, Marketing, International business enterprises, Multinational corporations, Export marketing, International Management Development Institute, Kashani, Kamran

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