The smart card in France
Article Abstract:
Research performed by the Bank of France indicates that nationwide French banks process 3 billion checks annually. The risks involved with payment systems that depend so heavily upon check processing led to the development of the Monetics system of bank credit cards in France. Monetics, or Electronic Money (as it is also known in France), promotes paperless transactions among banks, retail marketers, and the public. Monetics also uses the Smart Card, a bank credit card containing a microprocessor with eight surface contacts and 8K memory. The Smart Card is safer than regular bank credit cards, primarily because PIN-related algorithms are stored within the cards, rather than the card readers. French bank customers' use of the Smart Card is related statistically, and possible future developments in the French banking industry related to home banking are discussed.
Publication Name: Journal of Bank Research
Subject: Business
ISSN: 0021-9215
Year: 1986
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The Swedish Postal Giro and its progress
Article Abstract:
Sweden implemented Postal Giro accounts in 1925. Under the Giro system, the Swedish post office provides banking services related to payments between Giro accounts and earns revenue from the float created by timing delays related to the processing of these financial transactions. Sweden's Giro system is up-to-date in terms of automation, using optical character reader (OCR), point of sale (computerized cash registers), and the latest in microcomputer technologies. The five Giro account services most popular among Swedish banking customers are described in detail, most of which relate to automation. These five services are: (1) the OCR Inpayment Integrated System, (2) the Invoice Payment System, (3) Autogiro, (4) the Outpayment M Service, and (5) the Rent Collection Service.
Publication Name: Journal of Bank Research
Subject: Business
ISSN: 0021-9215
Year: 1986
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