Firm and environmental influences on the mode and sequence of foreign research and development activities

Article Abstract:

The choice of business research and development (R&D) strategies related to global expansion is largely influenced by the characteristics of the particular firm. A study of Japan-based pharmaceutical companies that established subsidiaries in the United States and Europe presented proof supporting this assumption. Findings showed that most of the firms initial mode of entry into foreign R&D was through collaborative maneuvers. This may be due to the perceived long-term advantages of organizationally interdependent research projects especially when the novel technology being researched is intimately linked to the company's core activity. On the other hand, start-up pharmaceutical companies preferred sponsored R&D activities. This observation is in line with the companies' growth strategy of utilizing tried-and-tested skills on what for them is a totally new industry.

Research & Development, Scientific Research and Development Services, Drug stores and proprietary stores, Drug Store Chains, Pharmacies and Drug Stores, Multinational Corporations, Research, Pharmaceutical industry, Industrial research, Research institutes, International business enterprises, Drugstores, Chain stores, New business enterprises, Startups

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Competing capitalisms: capital investment in American, German, and Japanese firms

Article Abstract:

A study was conducted to investigate the influence of home country institutional environments on strategy selections of companies and the differences in strategy choice across companies from different countries. An environment-conduct-performance model was developed and applied to the institutional environments of Germany, Japan and the US. The differences between the institutional settings of these three nations were analyzed and related to corporate investment conduct. Results of the study indicate that significant differences identified in the conduct of German, Japanese and US firms were stable across 10 manufacturing sectors, which is evidence that the home country environment causes differences in strategy choices.

Business Methods, Management Theory & Techniques, Management, Business enterprises, Business planning, Strategic planning (Business)

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