The global citric acid conspiracy: legal-economic lessons

Article Abstract:

The international price-fixing conspiracy that was discovered in the citric acid industry has important economic and legal implications. Bayer AG, Archer Daniels Midland Co, Jungbunzlauer and Roche admitted their participation in fixing the prices and output levels of citric acid in the US. Similar to the international lysine conspiracy, the citric acid story shows that global cartels can emerge and function without being discovered when the participants are major firms in highly concentrated, homogenous-product oligopolies with strong entry barriers. Moreover, geographic location and business cultures do not deter the formation of cartels.

All Other Miscellaneous Chemical Product and Preparation Manufacturing, Chemical preparations, not elsewhere classified, Citric Acid, Agricultural Salt, Case studies, Prices and rates, Cartels, Price fixing, Agricultural supplies, Industrial salt

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Who reacts to food safety scares?: Examining the Alar crisis

Article Abstract:

The effects of the 1989 Alar food crisis on consumers were evaluated through a survey of households from 48 states in the autumn of 1991. Some 1,206 respondents were asked a series of questions about dairy produce consumption and food safety concerns. Results revealed that the level of public awareness of the dangers of chemical contamination from Alar was dependent on factors such as education and television viewing habits. A decline in the consumption of apples and apple products was shown to be more pronounced among women, younger respondents, and non-whites.

Apples, Apple Orchards, Food Preservatives, Deciduous tree fruits, Health aspects, Research, Consumer protection, Food adulteration and inspection, Food inspection, Daminozide

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The impact of production innovations in the fuel ethanol industry

Article Abstract:

Technological innovations are projected to dramatically alter the fuel ethanol industry since the adoption of new technology will enable it to reduce production costs and to maintain a competitive position vis-a-vis substitute oxygenates. New innovations that may be adopted by the industry in the next 10 years are described and their impacts on production cost savings calculated.

Innovations, Economic aspects, Technological innovations, Alcohol industry

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