The imagery and reality of peer review in the U.S.: insights from institutional theory

Article Abstract:

The accountancy profession has managed to preserve its self-regulatory status largely because of its use of peer review programs to inspire social confidence in accounting and audit work. These programs involve the review of the performance of one practitioner by another practitioner. Institutional theory is used to analyze the gap between what peer performance reviews promise and the benefits they generate in reality. It is also employed to explore other problems created by professional self-regulation. The results of the analysis indicate that there is considerable discrepancy between peer review as it is espoused and peer review as it is practiced in real life. Findings also suggest that peer review reinforces social confidence in accountants by relying on peer review symbols, such as in-place quality systems, to unify the profession.

Auditing, Industry self-regulation, Industry self regulation, Peer review

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From contract to speech: the courts and CPA licensing laws 1921-1996

Article Abstract:

The courts played a vital role in outlining and in differentiating the role of certified public accountants (CPAs) from the role of uncertified accountants. During the early 1920s, courts were instrumental in giving state legislatures the power to regulate professions or trades in line with the interest of the general public. Such decision gave way to the promotion of accounting licensing laws that give deserving accountants the title of CPA. The courts were also instrumental in upholding the constitutionality of licensing legislation which reserved attest services strictly for CPAs. They also continue to maintain a balance between a need to protect the public with that of protecting the freedom of contract in determining the restrictiveness of licensing legislation.

Regulation, Licensing, and Inspection of Miscellaneous Commercial Sectors, Accounting Services Regulation, Accountants, Accounting law, Occupational licensing boards

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Organizational socialization in accounting firms: a theoretical framework and agenda for future research

Article Abstract:

A theoretical framework for the study of the significance of employee socialization in accounting firms to organizational success is proposed. This framework relates socialization to results concerning the integration of individual employees into the organization and borrows elements from institutional theory. The contribution of existing literature on accounting is reviewed, and the areas that need to be studied further are identified.

Social aspects, Models, Accounting firms, Organizational effectiveness, Organizational research, Professional socialization

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