Best-practice technology in an adverse environment: the case of Indian sugar, 1981-1986

Article Abstract:

The concepts of best-practice technology and technological regress are re-examined in the adverse environment of Indian sugar industry from 1981 to 1986. When the industry faced difficulty in transforming inputs into outputs at the normal rate, the observed level of best-practice technology deteriorated, as seen in the decline of the production frontier of the industry. Such technological regress is different from a reduction in efficiency because it also has an impact on the most efficient firms. In fact, the observed efficiency level of the inefficient firms may become better during adversity because of the most efficient firms' 'regress.'

Sugar Crops, Other Crop Farming, Sugarcane and sugar beets, Production management, Sugar industry

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Product and process flexibility in an innovative environment

Article Abstract:

Innovations can either be demand-enhancing or cost-reducing. These two dimensions complement each other in terms of increasing the short-term net revenue of a firm. The complementarities between the firm's short-run decision variables then result in complementarities between its long-run decisions about product and process flexibility and research capabilities. This was gleaned from an examination of a number of attributes of a firm's long-run decisions about organizational structure, which affect the firm's short-run innovations.

Organizational change

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Protecting the environment when costs and benefits are privately known

Article Abstract:

Approaches for protecting the environment when costs and benefits of pollution reduction is known were examined. Environmental economists recommend a polluter pay principle by establishing markets for the trade pollution permits or the levying of pollution taxes. Thus, decisions to reduce pollution are delegated to individuals who are best informed of their options.

Waste Management and Remediation Services, Pollution Control, Sanitary Services, Analysis, Economic aspects, Pollution control industry, Pollution

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