Deterrence with multiple defendants: an explanation for "unfair" plea bargains

Article Abstract:

The plea bargaining decision process in cases wherein there are a number of co-defendants being prosecuted is studied as a two-stage game model. Punishments meted out may vary if there are many defendants. The plea bargaining process, however, has been criticized as unfair because more guilty defendants may be given lesser punishments in exchange for their testimony. The model suggests that the major components of plea bargaining for a defendant is his co-defendants' likelihood of conviction plus his own probability of conviction.

Research, Models, Plea bargaining, Parties to actions

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'Spindles' and coexisting attractors in a dynamic model of interdependent consumer behaviour

Article Abstract:

A spindle structure can be of great assistance in understanding a model of interdependent consumer behaviour, which is based on the idea that consumers' demand patterns are affected by patterns of people close to them, as well as the consumer's own consumption history. Both Hopf-bifurcators and the existence of simultaneous attractors are focused on in this study, and a type of Hopf-bifurcation which can be described as reversed is identified.

Commercial nonphysical research, Economic aspects, Consumer behavior

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