European telecommunications markets on the verge of full liberalization

Article Abstract:

The European Commission has recognized the importance of competition in telecommunications and is convinced that privatization is the alternative to the government monopoly of telephone companies. Despite, its resolve to encourage privatization and liberalization, however, competition in Europe involves only major players in telecommunications. While privatization ranges from 100% in Spain and the UK to none in Norway, it is evident that telecommunications competition in Europe is vastly different from that of the US.

Europe, Laws, regulations and rules, Telecommunications services industry, Telecommunications industry, Economic policy, European Union. European Commission, Privatization, Privatization (Business), Deregulation

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Economic and monetary union in Europe

Article Abstract:

The Exchange Rate Mechanism (ERM) as espoused in the Maastricht Agreement provides for the development of a single currency for the member countries in the European Community. According to the 1990 report of the Delors Committee, implementation of the ERM would involve significant benefits as well as costs. Analysis of the information indicates that the perceived good and bad of the ERM is exaggerated and that monetary union may not be so important for unification.

Evaluation, European Monetary System

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Product markets and 1992: full integration, large gains

Article Abstract:

The objective of the EC in forming a Single European market is to eliminate trade barriers that add to the cost of goods. These barriers, such as fiscal, quantitative, market access restriction and real costs of trade, delineates the competitive edge of European countries. However, full integration has not yet been achieved in 1992 as projected as price differentiations between countries still exist.

Analysis, Harmonization of laws, Single European market

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