The experience of Arab nations with multiple exchange rates: efforts at unification in Egypt and Sudan provide insights on reform

Article Abstract:

Many Arab countries adopted multiple exchange rates in an effort to relieve certain balance-of-payment pressures but ultimately found this solution unsatisfactory. It is generally inferior to a single exchange rate founded on sound financial and economic policy. The countries usually adopted either a simple approach with a second rate to promote certain exports and imports, or a complex structure with many exchange rates. The latter appear harder to eliminate. The experiences of Egypt and the Sudan are studied in detail.

Analysis, Management, Foreign exchange, Monetary policy, Sudan

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Economic reforms essential for development in the 90s

Article Abstract:

Arab nations must continue to pursue economic reform for growth to be sustained in the 1990s. Each Arab country should use the economic successes and failures of the other Arab countries in planning its own wide-ranging reforms. Goals should include improving the efficiency of public enterprises, rationalizing the tax system, protecting groups threatened by poverty and reforming the financial sector, the external sector and the exchange and payments systems.

International aspects, Economic policy, Economic development, Arab countries

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Satellite TV broadcasting in the Arab world: Egypt

Article Abstract:

Egypt is set to launch its first television broadcasting satellite, Nilesat, by October 1997. By doing so, Egypt is maintaining its status as the leading developer of satellite television broadcasting in the Arab world. The Arab nations' first regional satellite, Arabsat, was launched by the Arab Satellite Communication Organization in 1976, and Egypt was the first Arab country to use it as a direct television broadcast satellite.

Radio & TV communications equipment, Radio and Television Broadcasting and Wireless Communications Equipment Manufacturing, Direct Broadcast Satellite Eqp NEC, Telecommunications systems, Direct broadcast satellite television, Satellite television, Direct broadcast satellite equipment

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