The role of violence in Russian business relations

Article Abstract:

The role violence, including coercion and racketeering, has in Russian business relations has been investigated. It has been exaggerated recently, but, although use of forcible means has gone down in recent years, pressure is still there, though somewhat more civilized. When spheres of influence were being established between the legal and illegal areas and among criminal groups, violence was more common. The smaller cities permit a higher level of local criminal activity than do larger urban areas. State enforcement agencies seem to embrace mentality and values of criminal activity, not of law-governed society.

Violence, Extortion, Industry, Industries

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The criteria of economic security

Article Abstract:

The economic crisis of Russia can be overcome only through consistent liberalization of the economy and reduction of the burden of state spending. The criteria for economic security established by Russian economist Sergei Glazev are critically evaluated. Major discrepancies exist between publicly announced data on the state of the Russian economy and society and official data. Using official statistical data, the criteria of economic security Glazev proposed are satisfied for at least eight of the 25 indicators. Data for many countries, both developing and industrialized, are compared.

Research, Measurement, Econometrics, Developing countries, Economic development, Industrialized countries, Government spending policy, Monetary policy, Criticism and interpretation, Economists, Industrial nations, Economic security, Glazev, Sergei

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The shadow economy as a specific feature of Russian capitalism

Article Abstract:

The shadow economy and informal markets have emerged, contrary to expectation, as a feature of Russian capitalism since Post-Soviet economic reform began. Liberalization has been incomplete, but an important secondary cause has been the failure on the part of the state to give adequate guarantees and protection in areas where freedom formally is permitted. Interdependencies of businesspeople and government officials play a role. The state has too great a role in the economy. In the shadow investment mechanism, reform has preserved one of the pathologies it was to get rid of.

Gross domestic product

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