Unproductive expenditure in manufacturing

Article Abstract:

The variables that determine profits and unproductive expenditures in the manufacturing industry are examined based on the premise that these factors are simultaneously determined and are reflective of the firm's strategic behavior in a competitive environment. Econometric analysis indicates that the determinants of unproductive expenditure, profits and total surplus for the manufacturing sector can be measure quantitatively. The study indicates that oligopoly pricing requires double mark-ups for unproductive expenditures and profits, with the size of determinants increasing with the concentration of capital.

Analysis, Costs, Industrial, Industrial costs

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Wage change and trade performance in US manufacturing industries

Article Abstract:

The study of wage contours and cluster analysis has been used to establish an association correlation between trade performance and the developing wage structure in US industry (1959-88). Six industrial clusters were subjected to a series of tests that indicated that industrial structure and trade are factors in wage determination. Economists need to study wages by looking at group forces rather than focussing on the individual.

Evaluation, Reports, Compensation and benefits, Influence, Wage surveys, Wages, Wages and salaries, Industrial organization

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Manufacturing demand for business services

Article Abstract:

The demand for key strategic business services including advertisement and marketing, robotics, computer system, export advice, market research by manufacturers in Scotland and South East England has been analysed within the flexible firm paradigm for the years 1988 to 1990. Increasing service output is the primary reason for expansion of demand output and not restructuring strategies, as predicted by the flexible firm model.

Models, Economic aspects, Supply and demand, Scotland, Services industry, Service industries, England

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