The main event
Article Abstract:
Hitachi Ltd's 64M-bit DRAM chip puts 140 million electronic components on a chip measuring 10 by 20 millimeters, a feat that is even more impressive when considering that most memory manufacturers are just finishing development of 4M-bit DRAMs. Among the companies working on 64M-bit DRAMs are Toshiba, Fujitsu, NEC, Texas Instruments, Motorola, IBM, Samsung Electronics and Siemens, but these companies do not expect to have production quantities of the devices until 1995. Hitachi researchers and engineers in the Central Research Laboratory in Kokubunji, a suburb of Tokyo, used electron-beam lithography to define the 0.3-micrometer-line CMOS circuits required; the multilayer-capacitor memory cell size was shrunk to 1.3 square micrometers using tantalum oxide as the dielectric rather than silicon dioxide. Development of the chip by Hitachi researchers is described.
Publication Name: IEEE Spectrum
Subject: Engineering and manufacturing industries
ISSN: 0018-9235
Year: 1991
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Transistors 101: the junction transistor
Article Abstract:
The working of a forward biased and reverse biased pn junction transistor is described. Bell Labs contribution to the junction transistors of germanium, fabricated in 1950 is described.
Publication Name: IEEE Spectrum
Subject: Engineering and manufacturing industries
ISSN: 0018-9235
Year: 2004
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