International trade and air pollution: Estimating the economic costs of air emissions from waterborne commerce vessels in the United States

Article Abstract:

An analysis into the effects of international trade in air pollution emission in the Unites States' shipping sector and its direct effect on environment is conducted for the period 1993 to 2001. It is found that the total emissions from ships are increasing due to increase in foreign commerce, the economic cost of SO(sub 2) pollution range from $697 million to $3.9 billion and for NO(sub 2) $3.7 billion for the entire period and without adequate policy responses these trends and costs will continue into the future.

Foreign trade, Water Transportation, Water Transportation Services, Support Activities for Water Transportation, Economic aspects, International trade, Shipping industry

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A qualitative tool combining an interaction matrix and a GIS to map vulnerability to traffic induced air pollution

Article Abstract:

A technique to develop tools for performing an initial assessment of air quality due to traffic in an urban area is given the technique combined an interaction matrix methodology with Geographical Information System (GIS) map overlaying. The GIS results is presented in the form of a vulnerability map, which highlights the areas susceptible to poor air quality.

Prepackaged software, Usage, Technology application, Geographic information systems, Traffic flow, Geographic information system

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Multi-objective analysis of ground-level ozone concentration control

Article Abstract:

The ground level concentration of ozone may reach levels, that are considered dangerous for both population and vegetation, if the meteorological conditions don't render a sufficient exchange of air masses. It is observed that a consistent reduction of ozone peaks can be attained in Lombardy.

Methods, Models, Influence, Air pollution, Plant communities, Emissions (Pollution), Automotive emissions

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