Congestion, land use, and job dispersion: a general equilibrium model

Article Abstract:

A study examined the interrelationship among congestion, land use and job dispersion. This analysis involved the development of a fully closed computable general equilibrium model of urban land use without any predetermined employment locations and with endogenous traffic congestion. This model describes the interdependency of the location of firms and consumers and, at equilibrium, shows that firms and consumers are dispersed everywhere within the urban area. A solution to the computable general equilibrium model was derived to investigate the effect of the introduction of congestion tolls on land use patterns int he dispersed urban form. The centralizing influence of tolls on residences is greater than the decentralizing influence of tolls on firms, which result in the disperse city having more centralized job and population densities.

Analysis, Occupational mobility

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General equilibrium models of polycentric urban land use with endogenous congestion and job agglomeration

Article Abstract:

A computable general equilibrium model of urban land use that allocates land to houses, production and roads is presented. One of the three central features of the framework is interindustry trade that directly connects locations where the different commodities are manufactured. The second component of the model assumes that the shopping trips of consumers link the locations where commodities are manufactured and sold. Finally, the third feature provides that traffic congestion dictates the travel cost resulting from commuting, shopping and interindustry freight. The basic model is then injected with scale economies in shopping. Numerical solutions for two cases of the general model for a bounded linear city where only a single commodity is produced are identified.

Consumer behavior, Land allotment

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Income distribution and the residential density gradient

Article Abstract:

W.C. Wheaton's assertion that income increases trigger declines in the residential densities of the central areas of metropolitan areas while spurring increases in the residential densities of suburban areas is empirically validated using a model that takes into account income distributions. The model proves that income increases rotate density gradients some distance away from the center of a monocentric metropolitan area. The model also shows that with equivalent incomes and Cobb-Douglas preferences, a key condition needed to cause declines in metropolitan residential densities when incomes increase is that the commuting costs borne by the outermost residents should be less then the rent costs incurred by the innermost residents.

Research, Housing research, Income distribution

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