Race and the structure of school districts in the United States

Article Abstract:

Tastes for associations could influence the structure, conduct and performance of the system of local governments in the US. A model of jurisdiction formation, which considers racial discrimination, argues that prejudiced individuals in a racially mixed area may choose to limit the size of their jurisdiction to meet their taste for disassociation and avoid likely cost efficiencies from school district consolidations. Increasing racial heterogeneity therefore suggests added jurisdictions for these individuals. When the model was tested using state panel data on school districts and special-service districts, it was found that increasing racial heterogeneity of a state population raises the number of school districts. Also, no support was found for the assertion that increasing racial heterogeneity influences the development of special districts.

Local government, Race discrimination, Jurisdiction, Prejudices, Prejudice, School districts

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Intra-urban job accessibility and Hispanic youth employment rates

Article Abstract:

Hispanic youth unemployment is examined in the context of the spatial mismatch hypothesis. This hypothesis is tested via a model that estimates job probability equations which include intraurban job accessibility as a predictor. The results indicate that intraurban job access affects Hispanic teenager job probabilities significantly. White youth have better job access than their Hispanic counterparts, which accounts for 25% to 30% of the employment differentials between the two groups. These findings give empirical support to the spatial mismatch hypothesis as an important determinant of minority youth unemployment rates. Nevertheless, labor market discrimination, differences in racial cultures and neighborhood influences are other important considerations.

Employment, Hispanic Americans, Minority youth

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Alternative value estimates of owner-occupied housing: evidence on sample selection bias and systematic errors

Article Abstract:

Housing unit valuation usually takes one of three forms: (1) homeowner valuations, (2) tax assessor valuations, or (3) sales price assignments. Research indicates that the first two forms of housing unit valuation are subject to measurement errors, while the third-listed method often evidences sample selection bias. The sources of these errors in valuation are studied to determine whether homeowner and tax assessor errors can be tied to independent variables in any systematic way, and whether selection bias in sales price determinations can be offset and corrected for. The research indicates that homeowner valuations may result in bias errors that are estimated coefficients of certain independent variables.

Methods, Housing, Econometrics, Valuation, Statistical sampling, Sampling (Statistics), Error analysis (Mathematics), Tax assessment

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