The impact of zoning policies which regulate housing quality

Article Abstract:

The effects of residential zoning regulations on American homebuying are analyzed, by measuring the impact of zoning that affects lot size. Mathematical models and equations for measuring this impact are developed, after a brief review of research in this area. Zoning effects are reported as: those that are negative and are fully capitalized into lower land values; those that are negative but are not fully capitalized into lower land values; those that exist outside capitalization concerns; and those that benefit existing communities.

Housing, Metropolitan areas, Building law, Building codes, Land subdivision, Development rights transfer

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Efficiency of resource usage and city size

Article Abstract:

An essential question concerning industrial economies of scale is whether the benefits derived come from localization factors (many similar activities combined), or from urbanization factors (the proximity of large urban resources). A study of selected industries in Brazil and the United States found that localization was by far the dominant influence. The impact was strongest for specialized industries, and performance was not improved by increased city size.

Case studies, Brazil, Cities and towns, Industrial organization, Microeconomics, Municipal research

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Marshall's scale economies

Article Abstract:

Plant level production functions for machinery and high- tech industries, which allow for scale externalities from other plants located in the same industry, and from the diversity of local economic activity outside the own industry, are estimated. Studies pointed that single plant firm gain largely, as well as generate greater external benefits than corporate plants, because of greater reliance on external environment.

United States, Production management, Computer and Data Processing Services, Computer services industry, Information technology services industry, Economics, Economic theory

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