The relative efficiency of taxes in a two-period model of urban growth

Article Abstract:

A study examined the differential effects of a wage tax and a land value tax on urban development and economic efficiency. This analysis employed a two-period model where the timing of urban development is endogenous. Introduced by Mills (1981), this model assumes uniform spatial density for two activities, one being the production of an industrial good and the other the production of residential housing services. It was modified for tax parameters and assumes that land owners possess perfect foresight. The investigation proved that a land value tax has a distortion effect while a wage tax of equal yield has a worse effect at t he level of a single open city in which labor supply is perfectly elastic to the city. The finding that land value taxes are distortionary has no substantial practical relevance.

Tax Law, Public Finance Activities, Analysis, City planning, Urban planning, Income tax, Efficient market theory, Land value taxation

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Valuation of pollution abatement benefits: direct and indirect measurement

Article Abstract:

The valuation of benefits, particularly the reduction of morbidity, related to air pollution abatement were studied. The direct, contingent valuation method (CVM) and indirect valuation method were used. CVM was measured by willingness to pay, while the indirect valuation method was measured by the impact of changes in the provision of clean air on the demand for housing and medical services. The valuations obtained reflected individual rather than societal benefits. CVM exhibited some intrinsic usefulness.

Methods, Air pollution control, Pollution, Control, Valuation, Air quality management

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