Brief report: pharmacokinetics of ciprofloxacin in young (healthy volunteers) and elderly patients, and concentrations in prostatic fluid, seminal fluid, and prostatic adenoma tissue following intravenous administration

Article Abstract:

The fluoroquinolone ciprofloxacin is a broad spectrum antibiotic; it is effective in preventing the growth of a wide variety of bacteria. It can be given by mouth or intravenously (directly into the circulation) and has favorable pharmacokinetic properties pertaining to its absorption, duration of action, distribution in the body, and method of excretion. Ciprofloxacin has been effective in treating nosocomial, or hospital-acquired, urinary tract infections, bacterial prostatitis (inflammation of the prostate, which secretes semen), and in preventing infection during surgery of the urinary tract. The pharmacokinetics of ciprofloxacin given intravenously were compared between 24 younger patients, aged 19 to 33 years, and 17 elderly patients, 54 years and older. Amounts of ciprofloxacin were measured in the seminal fluid and adenomas, or abnormal growths in the prostate. Ciprofloxacin appears to be distributed in the body less evenly in elderly patients. The half-life of ciprofloxacin (which is the amount of time for elimination of half of the initial drug dose from the body) was similar in both younger and elderly patients. However, the plasma clearance of ciprofloxacin, or rate at which it is removed from the blood, was lower in elderly patients. Despite the decrease in kidney function of elderly patients, it is suggested that doses of ciprofloxacin do not have to be adjusted. (Consumer Summary produced by Reliance Medical Information, Inc.)

Demographic aspects

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Comparative pharmacokinetics of ciprofloxacin and temafloxacin in humans: a review

Article Abstract:

Fluoroquinolones are a new type of antibiotic of the quinolone group. Ciprofloxacin, the most commonly used quinolone, was compared with temafloxacin, a member of the fluoroquinolone group. Less variable and more complete tissue absorption occurs with temafloxacin compared with ciprofloxacin. When equal doses of the two drugs are given, temafloxacin achieves higher concentrations in the blood and remains in the blood for a longer period of time. Thus, the regimen for administration of temafloxacin is only once a day, while ciprofloxacin must be taken twice daily. The level of temafloxacin in body fluids such as tears, nasal secretions, saliva, sweat, and prostatic is higher than that of ciprofloxacin. Both antibiotics penetrate the various tissues of the body well and are taken up by the cells, and both drugs are excreted by the kidneys. Ciprofloxacin is metabolized by the body slightly more than temafloxacin. The relevance of these differences to the clinical use of the antibiotics must be determined. (Consumer Summary produced by Reliance Medical Information, Inc.)

Fluoroquinolones, Temafloxacin

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Pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics of antibiotics with special reference to the fluoroquinolones

Article Abstract:

Fluoroquinolones are a group of antibiotics that are effective against a wide range of bacteria and can be used to treat many bacterial diseases. Studies have shown that the fluoroquinolones are as potent or more potent than other antibiotics, such as penicillin and other beta-lactam antibiotics which are currently used for treating infectious diseases caused by bacteria. Fluoroquinolones are quicker to kill the bacteria than the beta-lactam antibiotics. Fluoroquinolones also have a significant effect when given for only a short period of time. The rate at which bacteria return after treatment with fluoroquinolones is very slow. This is important if the antibiotics are given in alternate doses, as may be done to prevent resistant forms of bacteria from developing. Fluoroquinolones are effective if given orally or by injection. Thus, various parameters show that the fluoroquinolones are effective antibiotics. (Consumer Summary produced by Reliance Medical Information, Inc.)

Antibiotics, Antibiotic structure-activity relationships

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