A prospective evaluation of plasma prostate-specific antigen for detection of prostatic cancer

Article Abstract:

The prostate specific antigen (PSA) test seems to be highly accurate in detecting prostate cancer. The PSA test measures blood levels of an enzyme secreted by prostate cells. Men with prostate cancer have elevated blood levels of this enzyme. Researchers took blood samples from 1,464 healthy men to evaluate the ability of the PSA test to detect future cases of prostate cancer. Over the next 10 years, 366 men developed prostate cancer. The PSA test detected 46% of all prostate cancer cases. As the length of time between blood sample collection and cancer diagnosis increased, fewer prostate cancer cases were detected by the PSA test. The test was negative in 91% of men who did not have prostate cancer. The risk of prostate cancer was more than twice as great in men with PSA levels between 1.10 and 1.50 nanograms per milliliter (ng ml) compared to men with PSA levels of 1.0 ng ml or lower.

Evaluation, Diagnosis, Prostate cancer, Medical screening, Health screening

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A prospective evaluation of an angiotensin-converting enzyme gene polymorphism and the risk of ischemic heart disease

Article Abstract:

The presence of a specific mutation in the gene for angiotensin-converting enzyme may not be a good marker for an increased risk of coronary artery disease. A total of 1,250 male physicians in the Physicians' Health Study had developed coronary artery disease 10 years after the study began. They were matched with 2,340 male physicians in the same study who did not develop coronary heart disease (the control group). Researchers used the polymerase chain reaction to test blood samples for the presence of a mutation of the gene for angiotensin-converting enzyme. The risk of coronary artery disease was no greater in the men who had the mutation. In fact, 31% of the men in the control group had the mutation. Previous studies have found an increased risk of coronary artery disease in people who have the mutation.

Risk factors, Genetic aspects, Angiotensin converting enzyme

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Long-term Intake of Dietary Fiber and Decreased Risk of Coronary Heart Disease Among Women

Article Abstract:

Fiber from cereal grains appears to lower the risk of heart attack in women. Researchers analyzed the rate heart attack and deaths from coronary heart disease (CHD) among the 68,782 women participating in the Nurses' Health Study. Over a 10-year period, there were 429 heart attacks and 162 deaths from CHD. Women with the highest intake of dietary fiber had half the risk of heart attack or death from CHD compared to those with the lowest intake. These women still had a lower risk when other factors were considered. Cereal fiber was most strongly associated with a lower risk.

Health aspects, Heart attack, Fiber in human nutrition, Dietary fiber

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