A prospective study of cigarette smoking and age-related macular degeneration in women
Article Abstract:
Cigarette smoking appears to increase the risk of age-related macular degeneration. Degeneration of the macula, which is the central part of the retina, is a common cause of visual impairment in the elderly. Data from 31,843 women participating in the Nurses' Health Study reveal that those who smoked 25 or more cigarettes per day during the 12-year study were 2.4 times more likely to develop macular degeneration. Even those who had quit were twice as likely to develop the visual disorder. Smoking could affect blood flow in the retina or increase the level of damaging oxidants.
Publication Name: JAMA, The Journal of the American Medical Association
Subject: Health
ISSN: 0098-7484
Year: 1996
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Dietary fiber, glycemic load, and risk of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus in women
Article Abstract:
Eating processed grains and little fiber appears to be a risk factor for non-insulin-dependent, or adult-onset, diabetes mellitus (NIDDM). Researchers followed for 6 years 65,173 women who provided detailed dietary information. During the study, 915 women developed NIDDM. Eating foods with a high glycemic index appeared to be a risk factor for NIDDM. These foods stimulate excessive production of insulin and typically include processed grains. A low-fiber diet was also associated with the development of NIDDM, specifically a diet low in cereal fiber.
Publication Name: JAMA, The Journal of the American Medical Association
Subject: Health
ISSN: 0098-7484
Year: 1997
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Adult weight change and risk of postmenopausal breast cancer
Article Abstract:
The associations of adult weight change since age 18 years and since menopause with the risk of breast cancer among postmenopausal women is assessed. The result suggests that weight gain during adult life, specifically since, menopause, increases the risk of breast cancer among postmenopausal women, whereas weight loss after menopause is associated with a decreased risk of breast cancer.
Publication Name: JAMA, The Journal of the American Medical Association
Subject: Health
ISSN: 0098-7484
Year: 2006
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