Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome and extrapulmonary tuberculosis in the United States

Article Abstract:

Infection with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) increases the risk of infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the organism that causes tuberculosis. The increased prevalence of tuberculosis since 1984 is associated with the epidemic of HIV infection and AIDS. In 1987, the Centers for Disease Control (CDC) revised the definition of AIDS to include HIV infection with extrapulmonary tuberculosis, or tuberculosis involving organs other than the lungs. Between October 1987 and March 1989, 1,239 cases of AIDS with extrapulmonary tuberculosis were reported to the CDC. The demographic characteristics of the patients and their risk factors for AIDS were assessed to help identify those persons with AIDS who are at highest risk for developing extrapulmonary tuberculosis. Extrapulmonary tuberculosis developed in 1,013 United States-born persons with AIDS as compared with 26 Mexican-born persons, 82 persons born in Haiti, and four people born in Cuba. Extrapulmonary tuberculosis rarely developed in AIDS patients less than 10 years old. Black race, intravenous drug use, transmission of AIDS by heterosexual intercourse, and Hispanic ethnicity were associated with extrapulmonary tuberculosis. In 1988, HIV-infected patients with extrapulmonary tuberculosis accounted for 21 percent of all the patients with extrapulmonary tuberculosis in the United States. (Consumer Summary produced by Reliance Medical Information, Inc.)

Risk factors, Demographic aspects, Tuberculosis

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Culture-proved disseminated cat-scratch disease in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome

Article Abstract:

A male homosexual who had previously been diagnosed with AIDS (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome) sustained a cat scratch and later developed fever, swollen glands and inflammation of the retina. He became more seriously ill with skin lesions, multiple liver abscesses and fluid in the lungs. Specimens of tissue from swollen glands, skin lesions, lung fluid, and liver abscesses revealed bacteria characteristic of cat-scratch disease, an infectious disease caused by pasteurella transmitted by the bite or scratch of a cat. The AIDS population thus appears to be susceptible to becoming an opportunistic host for cat-scratch disease. Moreover, an episode of cat-scratch disease in a patient who tests positive for the virus which causes AIDS may indicate that the patient then has developed AIDS.

Lymphadenitis

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Hyperviscosity syndrome in a patient with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome

Article Abstract:

Hyperviscosity syndrome, a condition in which excessive thickness of blood causes a resistance to the blood flow and which is associated with spontaneous bleeding, poor circulation and an increased heart workload, is usually seen in conjunction with disturbances in the production of gamma globulin, a blood protein which helps the body resist infection. The case is reported of a patient with AIDS (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome) who presented with hyperviscosity syndrome in association with polyclonal hypergammaglobulinemia, a condition in which excessive amounts of gamma globulin appear in the blood. This is the first such reported case. The pathogenesis and implications of this diagnosis are discussed.

Analysis, Blood viscosity, Blood protein disorders

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