Adaptation of canine femoral head articular cartilage to long distance running exercise in young beagles

Article Abstract:

The articular cartilage of the femoral head - part of the hip joint - may adapt to the increased weight put on the joint by long-term long distance running. A study compared the tissue composition of the anterior and posterior femoral head in beagles that ran up to 40 kilometers each day for one year to that of beagles that did not run. The anterior femoral head bears more weight than the posterior femoral head. The composition of both the anterior and posterior areas of the femoral head was different in the dogs that ran compared to the dogs that did not run. The dogs that ran had lower levels of extractable proteoglycans and higher levels of residual glycosaminoglycans in the posterior femoral head. The site of proteoglycan synthesis in the femoral heads of the dogs that ran also shifted from the deep zone of cartilage to the intermediate zone. Neither group had any signs of degeneration or damage to the joint.

Running, Hip joint

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Altered Golgi apparatus in hydrostatically loaded articular cartilage chondrocytes

Article Abstract:

Strenuous exercise may subject the joints to extremely high pressures that could damage the Golgi apparatus in cartilage cells and lead to reduced synthesis of proteoglycans. The Golgi apparatus is a structure in cells that processes different secretory products such as proteoglycans. A study examined changes in the Golgi apparatus of cartilage cells at different levels of hydrostatic pressure. At the highest pressure, the Golgi apparatus became more compact and proteoglycan production dropped. The Golgi apparatus returned to its normal size and shape when the pressure was reduced. Chemicals that disrupt microtubules blocked the alteration in the Golgi apparatus under high pressure, indicating that microtubules play a role in the normal structure of the Golgi apparatus. Proteoglycans act as a lubricant in the joints and a drop in their production could damage joints.

Golgi apparatus, Proteoglycans, Hydrostatic pressure

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Articular cartilage superficial zone collagen birefringence reduced and cartilage thickness increased before surface fibrillation in experimental osteoarthritis

Article Abstract:

Microscopic changes in joint cartilage leading to collagen deterioration may begin early in the development of osteoarthritis. Researchers induced osteoarthritis in the knee joints of 15 beagle dogs, then studied microscopic changes in the joints compared to joints from normal dog knees. Seven months later, significant changes in the superficial zone of cartilage were evident, indicating deterioration. At 18 months, osteoarthritic changes were clearly visible in many areas of cartilage within the affected joints, possible due to increased mechanical stresses in the knee.

Development and progression, Osteoarthritis, Collagen, Cartilage

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