An 82-year-old woman with cataracts
Article Abstract:
Cataracts can be treated easily with outpatient surgery. Cataract occurs when the natural lens in the eye loses its normal transparency. Risk factors for cataract include smoking, female gender, family history of cataract, high blood pressure and race. Ultraviolet radiation and corticosteroids can also increase the risk of cataract. However, the biggest risk factor is age. Cataract surgery can improve vision in 85% to 95% of patients provided they have no complicating illnesses. The lens can be replaced with an intraocular lens made of plastic. The surgery takes about an hour and can be done under local or topical anesthesia. The patient will need to use eyedrops containing antibiotics and anti-inflammatory drugs and oral acetaminophen can be used to treat any pain following surgery. Vision should stabilize in 4 to 8 weeks. Fewer than 3% of patients have a complication from cataract surgery. There is little evidence that antioxidants can prevent cataract.
Publication Name: JAMA, The Journal of the American Medical Association
Subject: Health
ISSN: 0098-7484
Year: 1996
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A 66-year-old woman with ulcerative colitis
Article Abstract:
Ulcerative colitis is an inflammation of the colon. It usually begins as rectal bleeding and mild diarrhea. Physicians can verify the diagnosis by doing a sigmoidoscopy, in which a small optical device is inserted into the colon. This can document inflammatory changes in the colon. Ulcerative colitis is a risk factor for colorectal cancer. Effective drugs include corticosteroids, 5-aminosalicylate, antidiarrheal drugs, eicosapentaenoic acid from fish oil, and immunsuppressive drugs. Some of these drugs can be applied as enemas or taken orally. Surgical removal of the affected colon is also effective.
Publication Name: JAMA, The Journal of the American Medical Association
Subject: Health
ISSN: 0098-7484
Year: 1998
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A 28-year-old fair-skinned woman with multiple moles
Article Abstract:
People with many moles, fair skin, and red or blond hair need to take extra precautions to prevent melanoma. The risk of this form of skin cancer is increased by these factors as well as chronic exposure to the sun or ultraviolet radiation. Immunosuppressive drugs and chemotherapy are other risk factors. Anyone with these risk factors should examine their skin regularly for new moles or a change in an old mole. They should look for an irregular border, asymmetrical shape, color variations and diameter greater than a pencil eraser. They should wear protective clothing and sunscreen when outdoors.
Publication Name: JAMA, The Journal of the American Medical Association
Subject: Health
ISSN: 0098-7484
Year: 1997
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