Anomalous ABO phenotype in a child after an ABO-incompatible liver transplantation

Article Abstract:

The blood type of patients who receive organs from donors with different blood types may change temporarily to that of the donor. Blood type is determined by ABO antigens, proteins on the surface of red blood cells (RBC). The blood type of a five-year-old boy with liver failure changed from type O to type AB after he received a liver from a type AB donor. The boy's blood type later changed back to O. He developed graft-versus-host disease approximately three months after the transplant, but subsequently recovered. The transplanted liver may have produced A and B antigens, which could have become attached to the boy's own RBCs. Or liver enzymes may have transferred AB antigens from the donor's RBCs. The transplanted liver may have contained stem cells, the precursors of all blood cells, which would have developed into AB blood cells. The presence of AB antigens may explain why the boy never rejected the liver, even though it was incompatible with his blood type.

Liver, Liver transplantation, Blood groups, ABO blood-group system

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Advances in immunology: the HLA system

Article Abstract:

This article presents a genetic analysis and structural aspects of the histocompatibility complex system in relation to molecular deficiencies, HLA genes' influence on disease manifestations, and their role in tissue and organ transplantation. Deficiency in class I and II HLA complexes results in respiratory tract infections, bronchiectasis, and lung tissue degeneration whereas the gene defects lead to narcolepsy, hemochromatosis, infectious and autoimmune diseases, and cancer.

Germany, Statistical Data Included, Causes of, Genetic aspects, Autoimmune diseases, Cancer, Blood platelets, Hemochromatosis, Cell surface antigens, Narcolepsy

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The HLA system, part 1

Article Abstract:

Antigen processing and presentation by human leukocyte antigens (HLA) is described. The HLA system is a complex of about 40 genes on chromosome 6. Their primary function is to present parts of a foreign organism to T cells, which activates the T cell against that organism.

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