Brief report: treatment of insulin-resistant diabetic ketoacidosis with insulin-like growth factor I in an adolescent with insulin-dependent diabetes

Article Abstract:

Recombinant (genetically engineered) insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) may be an effective treatment for insulin-resistant diabetic ketoacidosis in patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM). Insulin-resistant diabetic ketoacidosis is a metabolic imbalance that is caused by resistance to insulin, a hormone involved in the regulation of protein, carbohydrate and fat metabolism. A 16-year-old girl with IDDM with insulin-resistant ketoacidosis was treated with IGF-I. She had been diagnosed with IDDM at the age of three, and had begun to experience episodes of hyperglycemia with severe insulin resistance at the age of 13. The patient's blood glucose (sugar) levels returned to normal after treatment with IGF-I, and the only side effect was a brief episode of shortness of breath. She did not develop ketoacidosis or severe hyperglycemia during preventative treatment with IGF-I for insulin resistance.

Health aspects, Complications and side effects, Drug therapy, Type 1 diabetes, Insulin resistance, Insulin-like growth factor 1, Insulin-like growth factor I, Diabetic acidosis, Diabetic ketoacidosis

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Serum immunoreactive-leptin concentrations in normal-weight and obese humans

Article Abstract:

The concentration of leptin, a hormone secreted by fat cells, appears to be correlated with the percentage of body fat in humans. Leptin is the protein product of the ob gene. Researchers used a radioimmunoassay to measure the blood concentration of leptin in 136 normal-weight and 139 obese people. The obese group had approximately four times the concentration of leptin than the normal-weight group. Percentage of body fat was strongly associated with leptin concentration as well as activity of the ob gene, which was measured in abdominal fat samples from 27 normal-weight and 27 obese people. In seven obese people who lost weight and maintained the lower weight, leptin concentration and ob gene activity both declined but then increased again during the maintenance phase. This suggests that leptin informs the brain of the amount of body fat. Obese people may be insensitive to this signal.

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Obesity, leptin, and the brain

Article Abstract:

The discovery of leptin, a hormone secreted by fat cells, has allowed further understanding of the link between the brain's control of appetite and the body's fat intake. Leptin is the protein product of the ob gene. Mice with mutant versions of the ob gene are obese, but lose weight when given leptin. A 1996 study found that the concentration of leptin blood is higher in obese people than in normal-weight people, suggesting that obesity is the result of insensitivity to leptin. Neuropeptide Y, a chemical found in a section of the brain known as the hypothalamus, may have a crucial role in the brain's response to leptin. Neuropeptide Y is known to stimulate food intake, and thus its activity should decrease in normal subjects in response to leptin, signalling that appetite is sated.

Editorial, Neuropeptide Y

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