Calcium, magnesium, zinc, and iron balances in young women: effects of a low-phytate barley-fiber concentrate

Article Abstract:

Over the last decade, much has been learned about the role of dietary fiber in maintaining health and preventing disease. High-fiber diets have been reported to relieve constipation, lower blood cholesterol, and reduce the risk of breast and colon cancer. As a result, the amount of fiber consumed in the typical Western diet has been increasing. Several studies have reported that wheat bran and oat bran decrease the absorption of minerals from the diet. Sources of dietary fiber that are low in phytate may reduce the absorption of minerals. When an adequate supply of minerals and nutrients are present in the diet a small decrease in mineral absorption may not have an effect on the overall mineral balance or status in the body. However, when the diet is deficient in mineral and nutrient content, increasing the amount of fiber in the diet may result in a negative mineral balance. A study was performed to evaluate the effects of a high-fiber diet that was low in phytate on mineral absorption among 12 healthy women. For the first 22 days of the study the women followed a balanced diet. During the second and 22-day diet period, 15 grams of barley fiber were added (high-fiber, high-protein diet). During the third 22-day diet period barley supplements were continued and the amount of protein in the diet was reduced (high-fiber, low-protein diet). The absorption of calcium, magnesium, zinc and iron was not significantly reduced by any of the diets studied. It is concluded that 25 grams of low-phytate cereal fiber can be added to a balanced diet without an adverse effect on mineral retention. (Consumer Summary produced by Reliance Medical Information, Inc.)

Evaluation, Iron in the body, Iron (Nutrient), Nutrition, Nutritional assessment, Calcium (Nutrient), Zinc in the body, Zinc (Nutrient), Calcium, Dietary, Physiological absorption, Magnesium in the body, Magnesium (Nutrient), Absorption (Physiology)

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Reduction of food intake in the ovulatory phase of the menstrual cycle

Article Abstract:

Food intake was measured for one complete menstrual cycle in 18 normally menstruating women. Measurements of hormones present in urine were used to determine when release of the egg from the ovary took place. Average daily intakes of energy, nutrients, and alcohol were calculated for five phases of the menstrual cycle: the bleeding phase, the phase after it release of the egg from the ovary (ovulatory phase), the next phase, and finally the phase prior to bleeding. Energy intake was lowest during the ovulatory phase. The greatest difference was an increase of 320 calories per day from the ovulatory phase to the one after it. This increase was twice as large as the increase that took place on weekends. This reduction of food intake during ovulation has not been described before. The reduction coincides with the peak in blood estrogen (main female hormone) levels and is consistent with the hypothesis, derived from experiments on animals, that estrogen suppresses the appetite.

Analysis, Ingestion, Menstrual cycle, Urine, Urinalysis, Appetite disorders

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Low-fat, high-fiber diet and serum estrone sulfate in premenopausal women

Article Abstract:

The effect of diet on estrogen (main female hormone) levels was investigated in 17 healthy premenopausal women. For four weeks, the women consumed a typical Western diet, which contained 40 percent of its calories in the form of fat, 400 milligrams of cholesterol per day, 12 grams of fiber per day, and twice as much polysaturated as polyunsaturated fatty acids. Subsequently, they were fed a low-fat, high-fiber diet for eight to ten weeks. This diet contained a quarter of its calories in the form of fat, 200 milligrams of cholesterol per day, 40 grams of fiber per day, and equal amounts of polysaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids. Sixteen of the women had lower levels of a certain type of estrogen when on the low-fat, high-fiber diet; the average decrease was 36 percent. Thus a low-fat, high-fiber diet can substantially reduce blood estrone sulfate levels.

Low-fat diet, Low fat diet

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