Clinical manifestations and modern management of condylomata acuminata: a dermatologic perspective

Article Abstract:

Human papillomavirus (HPV) infections vary in appearance and infections are not confined to the genitals. Male partners of women with cervical warts are usually infected, although the lesion may only become visible with acetic acid staining. Blood in the urine or warts in or around the penile opening suggest bladder or urethral warts. Genital warts in women mandates cervical examination and follow up because of the association with cervical cancer. Some genital warts show as pigmented areas that appear benign but which are cancerous. Patients with warts around the anus almost always have rectal warts, and warts may grow within the bowel. Oral and respiratory warts may be transmitted to children at birth. Warts may also be transmitted through handling by infected adults. Treatment goals are to reduce the tumor without disfigurement, increase the immune response, and reduce abnormal cell growth. Warts commonly recur. Treatments include excision, electrosurgery, cryotherapy, laser therapy, chemical agents, and interferon treatment.

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Clinical appearance and treatment strategies for human papillomavirus: a gynecologic perspective

Article Abstract:

Several different therapies are used to treat genital human papillomavirus (HPV) infections. Warts should be treated for the sake of patient comfort and to decrease infectious spread. Topical drugs will clear most warts, but warts tend to return. One drug, podophyllin, is toxic and cannot be used inside the vagina or during pregnancy. Lasers and electrosurgical procedures obliterate warts, but scarring may be a problem with these treatments. Locally injecting interferon appears to be a promising new therapy for clearing warts. Injections may be combined with topical treatment. Topical treatment with 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) may be used on lesions within the vagina. Severe sloughing of the skin sometimes results, and 5-FU is contraindicated in fertile women. Subclinical lesions only become apparent as white patches after application of 5% acetic acid. They should be treated if there are precancerous changes in the cells. When HPV DNA is found in the absence of lesions, no treatment is necessary.

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Novel appearance of placental nuclear monoamine oxidase: biochemical and histochemical evidence for hyperserotonomic state in preeclampsia-eclampsia

Article Abstract:

The unusually high amounts of serotonin seen in the placenta in preeclamptic-eclamptic pregnancies may be caused by a lack of the enzyme that breaks down serotonin. Excess serotonin may cause placental blood vessels to contract, depriving the fetus of oxygen and nutrients. Researchers analyzed amounts of serotonin and monoamine oxidase within the placental cells from 25 preeclamptic-eclamptic pregnancies and compared results with the amounts in the placental cells of 20 healthy pregnancies. Amounts of serotonin increased with severity of disease and amounts of monoamine oxidase decreased.

Diagnosis, Measurement, Preeclampsia, Serotonin, Monoamine oxidase

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