The gynecologist and the prevention of cardiovascular disease

Article Abstract:

Gynecologists have an important role to play in reducing the risk of cardiovascular disease in women, the number 1 killer of women. The prevalence of cardiovascular disease increases after menopause, and data suggest a connection between declining estrogen levels and the development of cardiovascular disease. Studies suggest also that estrogen replacement therapy may reduce this risk. Gynecologists could help each patient evaluate the risks versus benefits of estrogen replacement. Gynecologists could screen for high cholesterol, counseling at-risk patients about diet and in some cases, prescribing medication as well. Gynecologists could screen for high blood pressure, which is treated by diet, exercise, and medications. Smoking cessation and weight management through diet and exercise would also reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease. Because women are typically the health care managers within families, educating them about cardiovascular risk and how to reduce it would have an impact on the entire family.

Cardiovascular diseases

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Contraceptive choices for women with endocrine complications

Article Abstract:

Women with a variety of endocrine disorders may safely use oral contraceptives (OCs) to prevent pregnancy. OCs often have the beneficial side effect of controlling symptoms of the dysfunctions. The endocrine system is responsible for releasing hormones into the bloodstream. Thyroid dysfunction, polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) and pituitary tumors which secrete prolactin, known as prolactinomas, may all benefit from treatment with OCs. More sensitive tests allow practitioners to evaluate more accurately the effects of OCs on the endocrine system. Women whose thyroid disease is under control should have no difficulty using OCs. Prolactinomas are usually treated with a drug known as bromocriptine. However, in cases where contraception is desired it may be more appropriate and less expensive to use OCs to prevent bone mineral loss and restore menstruation. Women with PCOS may also benefit from treatment with OCs which exert only a minimal androgenic effect.

Physiological aspects, Contraception, Stein-Leventhal syndrome, Polycystic ovary syndrome, Prolactinoma

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Evaluation and management of common thyroid disorders in women

Article Abstract:

Thyroid disorders may be common in women and may vary depending on age and childbearing status. Thyroid disorders during childbearing years include hypothyroidism leading to menstrual dysfunction or miscarriage. Thyroid function changes during pregnancy due to maternal and fetal hormones. Graves' disease, an autoimmune disorder, may be the most common cause of thyrotoxicosis, either during pregnancy or after menopause. Thyroiditis may occur in the postpartum period. Postmenopausal women may experience mild autoimmune thyroid disorders, hypothyroidism, thyrotoxicosis, thyroid nodules and thyroid cancer.

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