Cocaine and the use of alcohol and other drugs during pregnancy

Article Abstract:

Cocaine use, which is increasing, has become a major health threat, even to the unborn. This drug can cross the placenta and cause adverse effects in the fetus. Cocaine abuse during pregnancy has been associated with fetal growth retardation, premature birth, increased incidence of abruptio placentae (premature detachment of the placenta), and brain and nervous system disorders in the fetus/newborn. Screening urine for cocaine can only detect whether the drug was used during the few days prior to the test; urine screening can not provide information about cocaine use throughout and before pregnancy. Various issues concerning drug use during pregnancy were assessed, including: (1) the number of women who report that they used cocaine and other drugs during pregnancy; (2) the relation between cocaine use, the use of other drugs, and demographic characteristics; and (3) the number of pregnant women who used cocaine in 1987, compared with those in 1975. In the later period, 15 percent of the mothers admitted to a teaching hospital and 3 percent of the mothers admitted to a private hospital reported cocaine use during pregnancy or in the month prior to conception (becoming pregnant). The rates of cocaine abuse for pregnant women admitted to teaching hospitals increased 15-fold during the 12-year period. Compared with women who reported no cocaine use, cocaine users tended to consume alcohol, smoke cigarettes, and use other illicit drugs. In addition, women who used cocaine tended to be black and single (separated or divorced), and most did not have a high school diploma. (Consumer Summary produced by Reliance Medical Information, Inc.)

Statistics, Demographic aspects, Drug use, Drug abuse in pregnancy, Prevalence studies (Epidemiology)

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Reproductive hazards of the American lifestyle: work during pregnancy

Article Abstract:

Working outside the home during pregnancy may not be associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes unless the mother stands or walks a lot. Researchers reviewed studies on pregnancy outcomes among working women. Most working women have better pregnancy outcomes than do nonworking women. Doctors should obtain thorough histories from their pregnant patients about the type of the work they do, the number of hours they work, and any exposure to hazardous substances. More research is needed on the effect on pregnancy of physical activity, mental stress, and toxic substance exposure.

Employment

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Benefits, risks, costs, and patient satisfaction associated with insulin pump therapy for the pregnancy complicated by type 1 diabetes mellitus

Article Abstract:

Women with diabetes may benefit from an insulin pump during pregnancy, according to a study of 60 diabetics. An insulin pump delivers insulin in doses that mimic natural secretion.

Care and treatment, Evaluation, Type 1 diabetes, Dosage and administration, Insulin, Insulin pumps

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