The effect of exercise on food intake in men and women

Article Abstract:

The influence of exercise on food intake is complicated, since it is affected by such factors as nutritional status, sex, diet, and the duration and intensity of exercise. In animal studies, strenuous exercise reduced food intake in male rats, resulting in reduced body fat and weight. In female rats, exercise stimulated food intake to match or exceed the caloric requirements generated by the exercise. Studies in humans have shown that lean individuals increased their food intake in response to exercise, while obese individuals did not increase their food intake with exercise. The results of a 20-week exercise program involving lean individuals showed that lean men lost weight while lean women maintained their body weight. To determine the effect of acute exercise on food intake in normal-weight, young individuals, food intake was measured in 10 men and 10 women during a five-day exercise program (subjects exercised for one hour per day) and during another five-day period in which they did not exercise (control period). During the control period, the mean caloric intake for the men was 2,467 kcal/day; women consumed an average of 1,831 kcal/day. During the exercise period, caloric intake increased by 208 kcal/day for the men and remained the same for the women. The exercise routine required 596 kcal/day for the men and 382 kcal/day for the women. Thus, even though the men increased their caloric intake during the exercise period, the increase in caloric intake was less than that required to perform the exercises. It is concluded that exercise in normal-weight individuals results in consumption of fewer calories than needed, and will eventually lead to weight loss. (Consumer Summary produced by Reliance Medical Information, Inc.)

Health aspects, Evaluation, Exercise, Exercise physiology, Food consumption

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Fluid availability of sports drinks differing in carbohydrate type and concentration

Article Abstract:

The capacity to engage in prolonged, strenuous exercise may be limited by dehydration and depletion of carbohydrate stores, which supply energy. Replenishment of body fluids with appropriately formulated beverages containing carbohydrates should therefore benefit people exercising strenuously. The optimal formulation for such beverages has not been determined. Previously it was thought that beverages should not contain more than 2.5 percent carbohydrate, as this would slow stomach emptying and reduce the availability of fluids. Also, maltodextrins (glucose polymers) were thought to be more effective than other sugars at delivering carbohydrate without altering fluid availability. A new method for determining availability of water from beverages was developed and used to compare fluid availability from the following five beverages: water; 6 percent maltodextrin; and 6, 8 and 10 percent glucose-fructose mixture. Eight subjects consumed the beverages while at rest (not exercising). The results indicate that fluids were available at similar rates from all beverages. Blood glucose (sugar) increased temporarily following ingestion of all the beverages except water. Insulin levels were similar in response to all the carbohydrate-containing beverages. Maltodextrins were not more beneficial than the simple sugars glucose and fructose in providing carbohydrate. It was concluded that the various beverages containing up to 10 percent carbohydrate were equally effective at providing fluids for absorption; they should be equivalent in their usefulness to athletes. (Consumer Summary produced by Reliance Medical Information, Inc.)

Research, Prevention, Sports, Fluid therapy, Dehydration (Physiology)

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