Effect of menstrual cycle on detection and typing of human papillomavirus in uterine cervical cells

Article Abstract:

A human papillomavirus (HPV) infection of the cells of the cervix has been associated with cancer of the cervix. Diagnosis and strain of HPV seem to vary within the same individual, depending on when the test (in situ hybridization) was performed. However, there are differences that cannot be attributed to an artifact of the testing procedure or technique. Since this variation occurs in the absence of HPV treatment, other factors must be influencing the detection and typing of HPV infections. The influence of changing hormones of the menstrual cycle upon virus detection was studied among women with abnormal Pap smears. Of the 427 specimens, 315 (74 percent) were adequate samples and 251 (80 percent) of those tested positive for HPV. Four types of HPV were evaluated throughout the 28-day menstrual cycle. The stage of the menstrual cycle did not affect the detection of HPV, the type of HPV or the adequacy of the specimen. In women taking oral contraceptives, the detection and the type were not influenced by the menstrual cycle, but specimens obtained during menstruation were frequently inadequate. When women who took oral contraceptives were compared with those who did not, the overall percentage of inadequate specimens was not significantly different. It is suggested that specimens not be taken during the first week of the menstrual cycle. The most accurate diagnosis is made after more than two HPV assessments. (Consumer Summary produced by Reliance Medical Information, Inc.)

Diagnosis, Papillomavirus infections

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Immunolocalization of progresterone-induced uterine protein-1 in human endometrium during the menstrual cycle and in the placenta throughout gestation

Article Abstract:

Progesterone-induced uterine protein-1 (PUP-1) may be involved in the creation and function of the placenta. PUP-1 is secreted by the inner layer of the uterus. Researchers analyzed the location of PUP-1 in tissue from the inner layer of the uterus at various times in the menstrual cycle and from the placenta at various times in pregnancy. PUP-1 was found to migrate from the framework cells of the uterus at the beginning of the menstrual cycle to the cells lining the inside of the uterus during menstruation. This movement correlates with ovulation, fertilization, and implantation of the embryo. Levels of PUP-1 decreased with the end of the menstrual cycle but remained stable in the placenta during pregnancy.

Placenta, Progesterone

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Blood flow changes in the ovarian and uterine arteries during the normal menstrual cycle

Article Abstract:

There appear to be significant differences in blood flow in the ovaries that correspond to hormonal changes during the menstrual cycle. Blood flow and hormonal levels of six women were measured on day two of their menstrual cycle, daily the six days before ovulation, hourly on the day of ovulation, and seven days after ovulation. Blood flow increased during the menstrual cycle in the ovulating ovary and in the uterine vessels on the corresponding side. These increases corresponded with the cyclic changes in estradiol, progesterone, and luteinizing hormone. Blood flow did not change in the non-ovulating ovary or uterus side.

Blood flow, Measurement, Blood flow measurement, Ovaries

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