The Children's Vaccine Initiative

Article Abstract:

The Children's Vaccine Initiative (CVI) is a coordinated effort to ensure worldwide immunization of children through improvements in vaccine design, administration, production and distribution. Current immunization programs are inefficient and slow to implement existing technological advancements, although they are responsible for vaccinating over 80% of all children born in 1990. Vaccines for hepatitis B and Haemophilus influenzae type B are already licensed but are not in widespread use, and vaccines for another 19 diseases could be licensed if research results were put to use. Pharmaceutical companies, however, are reluctant to finance the non-lucrative production of vaccines, which has delayed progress. Instead of relying on market forces, the CVI aims to pool contributions, both scientific and monetary, and organize development to speed and improve vaccine delivery.

Planning, Finance, Children, Vaccination of children, Vaccination, Vaccines, Immunization of children, Immunization

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Acquired ocular visual impairment in children: 1960-1989

Article Abstract:

The incidence of acquired ocular visual impairment in children may have decreased since the 1960s. Acquired ocular visual impairment is vision loss in both eyes in individuals with previously normal vision. A study examined the incidence of acquired ocular visual impairment among British Columbian children younger than 19 years of age between Jan 1960 and Dec 1989. The incidence of acquired ocular visual impairment was three times lower in 1989 than in 1960 in this age group. Different causes of acquired ocular visual impairment included genetic factors, a tumor, tissue injury, infections and autoimmune disorders. Ninety percent of the children with acquired ocular visual impairment suffered from optic nerve atrophy or retinal disorders. Enough sight to read print was still present in 66% of the children with acquired ocular visual impairment.

Diagnosis, Demographic aspects, Eye diseases, Vision disorders in children, Childhood vision disorders

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