Evidence for a shift from a type I lymphocyte pattern with HIV disease progression

Article Abstract:

The T lymphocytes of HIV-infected people appear to shift from type I to type II during the course of the infection. Type I lymphocytes are involved in cell-mediated immunity while type II lymphocytes produce an antibody-dependent immunity. Researchers gave skin tests that measure cell-mediated immunity to 175 HIV-positive hemophiliacs and 112 HIV-negative hemophiliacs. Seventy-one percent of the HIV-positive hemophiliacs exhibited no cell-mediated immunity to any of the skin tests, a condition known as anergy. These anergic hemophiliacs had lower CD4 lymphocyte counts. Their blood levels of IgA antibody were higher than hemophiliacs who were not anergic. This indicates that their immune response had shifted from a type I response to a type II response. A type II response would not be able to clear the virus from infected cells.

Measurement, Immune response

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Immunodominant epitope regions of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase: correlations with HIV-1+ serum IgG inhibitory to polymerase activity and with disease progression

Article Abstract:

Several amino acid sequences of the enzyme reverse transcriptase (RT) may be potential candidates for an HIV vaccine. RT is the enzyme the virus uses to reproduce. Researchers studied blood samples from 57 HIV-infected patients at various stages of the disease and found antibodies against RT amino acid sequence 244-269 in most of the samples. Antibodies against RT amino acid sequence 17-178 were also found. These antibodies could inhibit the function of the enzyme. Synthetic versions of the sequences could also be incorporated into a vaccine to stimulate antibody production against HIV. HIV-infected patients who did not produce antibodies against these sequences were more likely to have advanced disease.

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Effective lysis of HIV-1-infected primary CD4+ T cells by a cytotoxic T-lymphocyte clone directed against a novel A2-restricted reverse-transcriptase epitope

Article Abstract:

Part of the HIV enzyme reverse transcriptase may be a target for T cells that can kill HIV-infected cells. T cells that can kill infected cells are called cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL). Researchers using a CD4+ T cell culture infected with HIV found that the cells were killed by CD8+ CTL that recognized part of the reverse transcriptase enzyme. This part of the enzyme might be useful in the development of AIDS vaccines.

Research, Evaluation, Cell-mediated cytotoxicity, Cell mediated cytotoxicity, Antigenic determinants

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