Evidence for selective health maintenance organization enrollment among children and adolescents covered by Medicaid

Article Abstract:

It appears that health maintenance organizations (HMOs) may selectively choose to enroll children and adolescents covered by Aid to Families with Dependent Children (AFDC) and Medicaid based on economic factors that favor the HMO. Patients covered by AFDC or Medicaid may voluntarily choose to apply for enrollment in an HMO. Researchers compared medical costs, hospital stay lengths, and selected illness rates of 40,861 children and adolescents covered by AFDC or Medicaid during the year before either enrolling in an HMO or not enrolling (the control group). Medical costs and hospital stays for the one- to five-year-old and six- to 14-year-old age groups in the year before enrollment were higher and longer in the control group than for the HMO group. However, the reverse was true among the 15- to 20-year-old adolescent groups. The birth rates in the year before enrollment for this older age group were 63% higher for the HMO group than the control group.

Children, Recruiting, Health maintenance organizations, Insurance

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Comparison of Soy-Based Formulas With Lactose and With Sucrose in the Treatment of Acute Diarrhea in Infants

Article Abstract:

Soy infant formulas with sucrose rather than lactose may be more effective in nourishing children with diarrhea. Researchers in Egypt compared 200 children, aged 3-18 months, hospitalized for acute diarrhea and dehydration. The children were fed soy-based infant formula containing either sucrose -- table sugar -- or lactose, a milk sugar. Stool output was much lower, diarrhea resolved more quickly, and diarrhea was less likely to recur in children fed the sucrose formula. The risk of dehydration was 3.5 times as high in infants fed the lactose formula, compared to those fed the sucrose formula.

Egypt, Care and treatment, Evaluation, Diarrhea in children, Childhood diarrhea, Infant formulas

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