Thromboangiitis obliterans (Buerger's disease)

Article Abstract:

Thromboangiitis obliterans (TAO), also called Buerger's disease, is a progressive disease caused by inflammation of the arteries and veins in the legs and arms. The arteries in the legs and arms become blocked and the flow of blood is reduced. The lack of blood flow can cause severe calf or foot pain, gangrene, or ulceration. The exact cause of TAO is not know, but it may be an immune reaction. The use of tobacco is known to irritate this condition, which is most common in male smokers between the ages of 18 and 50 years. The first symptoms of TAO are loss of sensation or feeling in the toes, increased sensitivity to cold, and red or blue skin coloration. The arms and fingers are affected in the later stages of the disease. In most cases, two or more limbs are affected by the disease. From the onset of leg pain, the disease progresses at a rapid rate and related problems begin to appear within a few months to two years. Skin ulcers are common on the toes and fingers, and secondary infections are common. Finger or toe amputation is required in 15 to 20 percent of the cases, and leg amputation is required in 5 to 15 percent of the cases. (Consumer Summary produced by Reliance Medical Information, Inc.)

Abnormalities, Development and progression, Blood vessels, Thromboangiitis obliterans, Buerger's disease

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Jurkat-tat but not other Tat-expressing cell lines support replication of slow/low type type HIV

Article Abstract:

Growing slow/low type HIV-1 inside the Jurkat-tat cell line may be an effective model for studying viral reproduction in human. Cells in the Jurkat-tat cell line are leukemia cells that contain the transactivator (tat) gene from the IIIB strain of HIV-1. A study examined the ability of slow/low type HIV-1 and of rapid/high type HIV-1 from individuals in more advanced stages of HIV infection to grow inside T-cell and monocyte cell lines containing the HIV-1 tat gene. These cell lines were not able to sustain continuous growth of slow/low type HIV-1. Increased concentrations of the tat protein encoded by the tat gene did not help sustain growth of slow/low type HIV-1 in the T-cell or monocyte cell lines. Rapid/high type HIV-1 can be grown inside CD4+ T-cells in the laboratory, but slow/low HIV-1 cannot.

Infection, HIV (Viruses), HIV, Virus replication, CD4 lymphocytes

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