Gastric-outlet obstruction induced by prostaglandin therapy in neonates

Article Abstract:

Gastric-outlet obstruction may be a side effect of prostaglandin E1 therapy for ductus arteriosus. Of 74 newborns treated with prostaglandin E1, five had antral hyperplasia. These babies did not differ in any way from those who did not have gastric-outlet obstruction except for the length of time they had received prostaglandin E1. In two cases, the gastric mucosa returned to normal when prostaglandin therapy ceased. Animals and adults have similar abnormal changes when they receive prostaglandins. This drug can cause respiratory and cardiovascular problems, generalized flushing, and central nervous system effects. These sick newborns may eliminate prostaglandin more slowly than do normal adults so gastrointestinal mucosal stimulation may be more intense. Infants who receive prostaglandin E1 for more than 120 hours should be monitored for gastric obstruction.

Causes of, Pyloric stenosis, Dosage and administration, Prostaglandins E, Ductus arteriosus

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Use of misoprostol during pregnancy and Mobius' syndrome in infants

Article Abstract:

Women who take misoprostol to induce an abortion unsuccessfully many increase the baby's risk of Mobius syndrome. This syndrome is characterized by facial paralysis. In Brazil, many women use misoprostol to induce an abortion because it can be bought as a non-prescription drug that is normally used to prevent ulcers in people who take non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). However, it does not always work and the woman may eventually give birth. Among 96 babies with Mobius syndrome, half of the mothers had used misoprostol in the first trimester compared to 3% of the mothers of babies with neural tube defects.

Complications and side effects, Risk factors, Birth defects, Misoprostol, Paralysis, Facial, Facial paralysis

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Efficacy and safety of lidocaine-prilocaine cream for pain during circumcision

Article Abstract:

A cream containing the anesthetics lidocaine and prilocaine may prevent much of the pain experienced during circumcision. Of 68 newborn boys, 38 had lidocaine-prilocaine cream applied to their penis for an hour before circumcision and 30 received a cream containing a placebo. Compared to the infants in the placebo group, the infants in the lidocaine-prilocaine group appeared to experience less pain as measured by their facial expressions and the amount of time they cried. They also experienced smaller increases in heart rate during the procedure.

Methods, Evaluation, Pain in children, Pediatric pain, Circumcision, Lidocaine

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