Highlights from the 1989 Division of STD/HIV Prevention annual report

Article Abstract:

The annual report of the Division of STD (sexually transmitted diseases)/HIV (human immunodeficiency virus, the cause of AIDS) of the CDC (Centers for Disease Control) described the division's activities and the current epidemiology of STDs, associated complications, and resources allocated to deal with these. The direct operating budget allocates over 50 percent to HIV prevention as well as 70 percent of field activities resources. Fewer than one third of state and local health departments focus on non-HIV STD, but there has been an overall expansion of programs beyond state health offices to community, minority-based, and other organizations and institutions. The consumption by HIV prevention activities of federal and state resources has been reflected in increases in other STDs. Reported cases of syphilis rose by 12.1 percent in 1989, the largest increase since 1948. Gonorrhea rose by 1.5 percent and remains the most frequently reported communicable disease. The rapid increase in antibiotic resistance in gonorrhea infections is distressing and has significant health implications. Future efforts in this division must aim toward integrating STD and HIV prevention activities, particularly as federal resources are becoming more limited. Development of novel risk factors such as crack cocaine use means that traditional programs to control STD transmission will need to reassess how best to reach high-risk populations. Participation by professional and voluntary organizations could be very helpful in enhancing the effectiveness of governmental programs. (Consumer Summary produced by Reliance Medical Information, Inc.)

Reports, Statistics, United States. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention

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The epidemiology of human immunodeficiency virus and other sexually transmitted diseases in the Stockholm area

Article Abstract:

A Swedish sexually transmitted disease (STD) prevention strategy may have succeeded in preventing the spread of HIV from three defined risk groups to the rest of the population. The three risk groups for HIV and AIDS in Sweden are homosexual men, intravenous drug users, and immigrants from sub-Saharan Africa. The Swedish strategy includes requiring doctors to report all cases of STDs and of HIV and AIDS, testing individuals in risk groups, and contacting sexual partners of infected individuals. Although only four percent of African immigrants have HIV, the number of new cases in this group may be increasing the fastest with a rate of 43% per year. Homosexual Swedish men may be responsible for most of the increase in domestic HIV cases.

Health aspects, HIV infection, HIV infections, Swedes

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A reappraisal of the epidemiology of phenotypes of Neisseria gonorrhoeae

Article Abstract:

The number of new strains of gonorrhea bacteria appearing in Seattle, Denver and Miami over a period of time was close to theoretical predictions. The original interpretation of the data, that different strains of the bacteria pass through the population like waves, was set aside in favor of the idea that the study had detected only a random strain, few out of a much larger number of gonorrhea strains. This would suggest that the transmission of gonorrhea is sustained just as much by the failure to cure the people responsible for most of its spread as it is by the failure to prevent new strains from entering a given population.

Case studies, Gonorrhea, Neisseria gonorrhoeae

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